Transaction

A transaction is a operational unit of work on the data || schema of the database. The data is the resource on which transaction works but the database is a shared resource two transactions executed at the same on same data can result in data inconsistencies for client and database also a database might become unavailable making transaction incomplete thus need for recovery. Refering transaction as a process

Transaction states

StateTransaction types
Active StateA transaction enters into an active state when the execution process begins. During this state read or write operations can be performed.
Partially CommittedA transaction goes into the partially committed state after the end of a transaction.
Committed StateWhen the transaction is committed to state, it has already completed its execution successfully. Moreover, all of its changes are recorded to the database permanently.
Failed StateA transaction considers failed when any one of the checks fails or if the transaction is aborted while it is in the active state.
Terminated StateState of transaction reaches terminated state when certain transactions which are leaving the system can’t be restarted.